The reference standards of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, 20(S)–Rh1, 20(R)-Rh1, Rd, Rg6, F4, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, all with a purity ≥98%, were purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). EPO was purchased from Chengdu Di'ao Jiuhong Pharmaceutical Factory (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). FEJ was purchased from Shandong Dong'e E'jiao Co., Ltd.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of SPN were performed as previous report (Xiong et al., 2017a). In brief, notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenosides Rg1, Re, 20(R)-Rh1, Rb1, Rd, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3 (Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Sichuan, China) with purity ≧ 98% were used as standard compounds. The analysis was performed on an Agilent 1260HPLC system (Agilent Technologies) equipped with a G1311B Pump, a G4212B DAD detector, and a G1329B autosampler.

Acetonitrile of chromatographic grade and ferrous chloride and hydrogen peroxide of analytical grade were purchased from Merck Chemical Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd, Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3 (Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Chengdu, China) with a purity ≥ 98% were used as the standard compounds.